How Many Days Are There of High Fertility Before Peak?

When trying to conceive (TTC), one of the first things to figure out is your fertile window—the time in your menstrual cycle when you're most likely to get pregnant. Timing intercourse during this window, especially close to ovulation, boosts your chances of success. Many people have a misconception that you can get pregnant at any time, but in reality, you are only fertile for a few days each month, and mistiming is one of the primary reasons for not conceiving.

The fertile window lasts five days before ovulation, but not all days are equal. Some days are labeled "high fertility," while others are "peak." Keep reading to learn the difference between the two and to figure out how many days of high fertility before peak fertility in your cycle. 

High Fertility and Estrogen

Contrary to popular belief, your fertile window opens up to five days before ovulation. Your ovaries begin producing estrogen, an important female sexual reproductive hormone. Your ovaries contain many follicles, but one dominant follicle will mature and grow an egg–thanks to estrogen. Once estrogen reaches a certain level, that’s considered "high fertility,” which means ovulation is likely just a few days away.

Rising estrogen levels also trigger the production of fertile cervical mucus, which helps sperm survive for up to five days in the cervix. So, even if you haven't ovulated yet, there’s a chance that the sperm will still be there when you do.

How Long Does High Fertility Last?

The fertile window, AKA “high fertility,” usually lasts six days, starting approximately five days before ovulation and ending on the day of ovulation. Everybody is different, and your high fertility days may be one to two days off, depending on your cycle. 

Peak Fertility and Luteinizing Hormone

Throughout your menstrual cycle, your body releases several hormones that each play a critical role in ovulation, pregnancy or your period. One of those hormones is the “luteinizing hormone (LH).” Once your estrogen levels are high enough, LH steps in, triggering ovulation. You'll likely ovulate 24-36 hours after LH is released, and during the next few days, you will be at “peak fertility.”

How Long Does Peak Fertility Last?

The peak fertility window is relatively short since the mature eggs only survive 12-24 after release. Some ovulation tests and trackers consider the day after the LH “surge” as the second day of peak fertility. However, those are the only two days. High fertility, by contrast, lasts longer and includes the days leading up to ovulation.

Chances of Conception at High and Peak Fertility

For couples with average fecundity (the ability to reproduce), their chances of successfully conceiving are about ~20% in any given month. If you are TTC, 30% of couples will be successful in the first month and 90% within the first year. 

To boost your chances, it’s helpful to time intercourse during your high and peak fertility days. Your chances of getting pregnant are 27-33% three days before ovulation, including the day ovulation begins. After that, your chances of successfully conceiving go down quite a bit and 12-24 hours after ovulation, you will no longer be able to conceive since the egg cannot survive longer than that. The peak fertility window is very short, so your best chance is the day before ovulation, which is why tracking your fertility and cycle are important tools.

How Can You Track Your Fertility?

Understanding peak and high fertility is only half the equation. Figuring out your specific days is the other half. Tracking your cycle has several benefits–knowing when you’ll get your period, understanding PMS symptoms and, of course, conception. There are a few ways to track your cycle and figure out when ovulation will occur:

• Calendar method: A calendar or cycle-tracking app can help predict ovulation, especially if your periods are regular. You’ll need to track your period start and end dates for several months. Ovulation typically happens around day 14 of a 28-day cycle, so plan intercourse for the two days before and the day of ovulation.
• Cervical mucus: During your cycle, cervical mucus, a fluid produced by the cervix, will change in texture, color and consistency. Right before and during ovulation, it becomes slippery and clear, which helps sperm reach the egg. By charting these changes in texture and color, you can estimate when ovulation occurs.
• Body temperature: Your basal or resting body temperature rises slightly during ovulation. Take your temperature every morning before getting out of bed, and you’ll likely notice a sustained increase a few days each month. Keeping track of this over several cycles can help identify your fertile days.

You can combine all three of these methods for the best results. Ensure you’re consistently writing down the data and tracking for the best outcome.

What Other Factors Can Interfere with Conception?

Understanding your cycle and ovulation schedule can significantly increase your chances of successfully conceiving. However, if you are still having issues, sometimes other factors can interfere with getting pregnant. Some of these factors:

• Damage due to untreated STDs in you or your partner
• Blocked fallopian tubes
• Uterine fibroids, PCOS or endometriosis
• High levels of stress
• Hormonal imbalances
• Thyroid problems
• Low sperm count or poor sperm health
• Certain medications
• Underdeveloped eggs
• Misshapen uterus
• Your age, especially if you are over the age of 35
• Smoking, drug use, or excessive alcohol use
• Being over or underweight
• Exposure to certain environmental toxins, pesticides, or pollutants

A common concern is hormonal birth control and the future ability to get pregnant. Fortunately, pretty much all research confirms once you stop using birth control, it shouldn't impact your ability to get pregnant.

If you've been trying to conceive for a year without success, you may want to consult a fertility specialist. They can help identify any underlying issues and offer options to boost your chances of pregnancy. While infertility can be frustrating, there are often treatments and solutions that can make a big difference.

How Else Can I Prepare for Pregnancy?

In addition to tracking your cycle and determining your high and peak fertility days, there are a few other ways to prepare for pregnancy. Make an appointment for preconception counseling with your healthcare provider. They can recommend screenings and tests and lifestyle changes you can implement. A varied and healthy diet with lots of nutrients can also support your body, supporting hormonal balance and overall health. You can also take a fertility/prenatal supplement to get additional nutrients that support conception, such as Folate and VItamin D3.

Trying to conceive can be stressful if it doesn’t happen immediately, but over 90% of couples conceive within the first year. Even if you do not, that doesn’t mean all is lost. If you are under 35 and have been trying to conceive for more than a year or over 35 and have been trying for six months, you can consult your healthcare provider.