Male Fertility Age Chart & Sperm Count by Age Explained

Yes, it’s true, while men can technically father children well into later life, research shows that male fertility declines gradually with age. Understanding how sperm count, motility, and DNA quality change over time can help you make informed decisions about your reproductive choices.

This guide includes a male fertility age chart, explains how sperm count varies by age, and outlines steps you can take to support sperm health at any age.

Does Age Affect Male Fertility?

Yes, just as with women, age does have an impact on male fertility. Although men do not experience a definitive end to fertility like women and menopause, there is still a decline as they age. And it's not just a lower sperm count. 

Starting in your 30s/40s, sperm quality begins to decline. By your 40s and 50s, the chances of conception drop, and the risks of complications increase. You might not notice any physical changes, but the numbers and science often tell a different story.

Average Sperm Count by Age (Chart)

Here’s a quick look at how average sperm count, motility, and morphology tend to shift by decade:

As the numbers show, both sperm quantity and quality decline with age. After the age of 40, we observe a decrease in motility (the ability of sperm to move) and morphology (the shape and structure of sperm).

This natural decrease doesn’t mean fatherhood is impossible; it simply may take longer and come with a few additional considerations.

How Age Affects Sperm Quality

Sperm quality is more than just the number. It’s about how well your sperm move and perform. Here’s what changes as you get older:

• Motility: As you age, fewer sperm swim efficiently, making it harder to reach and fertilize the egg.
• Morphology: Misshapen sperm are more common with age, and abnormal shapes can impact fertilization.
• DNA fragmentation: Aging increases the risk of damaged DNA in sperm, which can affect embryo development and increase the risk of miscarriage.
  

That’s why you have to consider more than just sperm count when discussing male fertility by age.

Risks of Advanced Paternal Age

Many men (and women!) have healthy children later in life; however, studies show that advanced paternal age (Usually ≥40) can have increased risks, including:

• Higher rates of genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities
• Increased miscarriage risk, especially when paired with older maternal age
• Elevated chances of neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism

That’s not to say the above risks mean you cannot or should not conceive later in life. You may need additional monitoring, care and support. Knowing is the best way to set yourself up for success.

Tips to Support Sperm Health at Any Age

It takes two to tango, so to speak. If you’re actively trying to conceive or will be in the near future, take some steps today to help future you. Such as:

• Exercise regularly: Aim for 30 minutes of moderate activity most days
• Eat a balanced diet: Focus on antioxidants (vitamins C and E), zinc, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acids.
• Limit alcohol and avoid smoking: Both are known to reduce sperm count and quality.
• Skip the sauna and hot tubs and use a desk for your laptop: High heat can lower sperm production.
• Reduce stress: Chronic stress can affect hormone levels and fertility.
• Consider supplements: Look for a supplement specifically targeted at male fertility (like Needed’s Sperm Support+) with ingredients like CoQ10, folate, and L-carnitine.

Making lifestyle changes earlier can increase your chances of conceiving faster, especially as you get older.

When to Test Your Fertility

If you’re over 35 and have been trying to conceive for six months, or if it’s been 12 months of unprotected sex without pregnancy, it might be time for a sperm analysis. Testing is quick and gives you clarity on sperm count, motility, morphology, and volume.

You should also consider male fertility testing if you:

• Had a vasectomy reversal
• Have a known hormonal or medical condition
• Have a history of testicular injury or surgery
• Are considering freezing your sperm in the future

Opting to have a semen analysis or any other male fertility testing (i.e., scrotal ultrasound or post-ejaculation urinalysis) earlier can help you identify any potential issues. You can confront them now instead of later, increasing your chances of conceiving at any age. 

Conclusion

Age isn’t everything, but it does matter. Whether you’re in your 20s and planning ahead or in your 40s and actively trying to conceive, understanding how male fertility changes over time empowers you to make better decisions.

Want to know where you stand? A simple semen analysis can give you honest answers and a starting point. If you're ready to take the next step, consult with your doctor or a fertility specialist about testing or lifestyle strategies tailored to your specific goals.

Frequently Asked Questions About Age & Male Fertility

Does age affect male fertility like it does for women?

Not as sharply, but yes—fertility gradually declines, and risks increase after age 40.

What is the average sperm count by age?

It declines with age. In your 20s, it can reach as high as 127 million/mL. By your 50s, it can drop below 50 million/mL.

Can men have children after 40 or 50?

Yes, but it may take longer to conceive, and the risk of genetic complications is slightly higher.

What are the risks of being an older dad?

Increased risk of miscarriage, chromosomal abnormalities and an overall decreased fertility.

How can I improve my sperm quality in my 30s or 40s?

A healthy diet, regular exercise, limiting alcohol and smoking, avoiding excessive heat exposure, and taking supplements can help.

At what age should a man freeze sperm?

Consider sperm freezing before 40 if you plan to delay fatherhood or face health treatments that affect fertility.